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Diets, Nutrition, and Health

Diet quality, nutritional status, double burden, diet-related diseases, children's feeding practices.

📄️Adolescents: Average daily frequency of consumption of sugary carbonated drinks

Average number of times per day that adolescents (13–17 years old) reported consuming carbonated soft drinks. Global data were collected through the Global School-based Student Health Surveys. The National School Health Survey (PENSE) includes the questions: "IN THE LAST 7 DAYS, on how many days did you drink soda?" (weekly frequency) and "YESTERDAY, did you drink soda?", with a YES or NO answer, without reference to daily frequency.

📄️Cost of a healthy diet (current USD/capita)

The lowest cost of a 2,329 kcal diet composed of a minimum variety of foods. This expected variety is defined as follows: two items from the "starchy staples" group (e.g., rice, corn, wheat, cassava, potatoes); two items from the "legumes, fresh meats, and eggs" group; one dairy product; three items from the "vegetables" group; two items from the "fruits" group; and one item from the "oils and fats" group. To estimate this cost, the least expensive locally available foods from each group are used. Further information on the methodology can be found in: https://doi.org/10.4060/cc1169en

📄️Dietary diversity score

The Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) is the number of food groups consumed the previous day or night, of the ten food groups used in the MDD-W indicator: 1) grains, white roots and tubers, and plantains, 2) pulses (beans, peas and lentils), 3) nuts and seeds, 4) dairy, 5) meat, poultry, and fish, 6) eggs, 7) dark green leafy vegetables, 8) other vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables, 9) other vegetables, and 10) other fruits. The score ranges from 0 to 10 expressed as an average score for the population with a higher score indicating inclusion of more food groups in the diet.

📄️Double burden of malnutrition

The double burden of malnutrition is defined by the coexistence of a high prevalence of undernutrition and overweight in at least one population group. This is a categorical indicator, classified as: 0 - absence of double burden of malnutrition (DBM); 1 - presence of undernutrition combined with a prevalence of overweight greater than 20%; 3 - presence of undernutrition combined with a prevalence of overweight greater than 30%; and 4 - presence of undernutrition and a prevalence of overweight greater than 40%. The presence of undernutrition in the population is defined as: wasting >15% or stunting >30% in children under 5 years of age, or a prevalence of low weight in women >20%.

📄️Foodborne disease burden estimates (DALYs/100,000)

The annual incidence of foodborne disease in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)/100,000 people. This provides a cumulative burden estimate, combining 31 hazards spanning diarrheal disease agents, invasive infectious disease agents, helminths, and chemicals and toxins. Data are available for groups of countries of similar levels of development within a same continent but not by individual country (e.g. Africa is represented in two clusters, or “regions")

📄️Growth in number of grocery retailers that predominantly offer in natura foods, 5 year (%)

Percent change in the number of retailers that predominantly (50% or more items) offer in natura foods, estimated using projections from two time-points: 2016 and 2023. This Brazilian initiative mapped vendors at 91 municipalities with more than 300,000 inhabitants. The stores classified as healthy by the technical study "Mapping Food Deserts in Brazil" based on the National Classification of Economic Activities (CNAE), included: fishmongers (throughout Brazil); fruit and vegetable markets (throughout Brazil); butcher shops (throughout Brazil); supermarkets (in all states in the North and Central-West regions; in addition to Ceará, Maranhão, Piá, and Rio Grande do Norte; and Espírito Santo); minimarkets (Amazonas, AP, PA, and RR; Alagoas, Ceará, MA, and Piaui; Mato Grosso do Sul; and Espírito Santo); and Mobile Food Services (AP; Alagoas, CE, PI, and RN; Goiás, MT; and Paraná).